What are the characteristics of forging?
Forging products are plastic deformation through forging processing, forging processing is the use of external force to produce plastic deformation of forging raw materials, to obtain the required size, shape and performance of forging blanks or parts processing method. The forging process can eliminate the defects such as as-cast loose produced in the smelting process, optimize the microstructure, and greatly strengthen the performance of the forgings in use because of the preservation of the complete metal forging flow line.
Forging is one of the main methods of blank and parts production in mechanical manufacturing, which is often divided into free forging and die forging. Compared with other processing methods, forging has the following characteristics: improve the internal structure of the forging and improve the mechanical properties. After forging, the structure and performance of forging blanks have been improved and improved, forging processing can eliminate the porosity, shrinkage and dendrite defects inside the metal ingot, and because of the plastic deformation and recrystallization of the metal, the coarse grain can be refined and the dense metal structure can be obtained, thus improving the mechanical properties of the forging. In the part design, if the force direction and fiber structure direction of the part are correctly selected, the impact resistance of the forging can be improved.
High material utilization rate. Metal plastic forming is mainly based on the relative position of the metal structure rearrangement, without the need to cut the metal.
High productivity. Forging processing is generally the use of press and forging hammer for forming processing.
High precision of blank or forging. The application of advanced technology and equipment, can achieve less or no cutting machining.
The metal material used in forging should have good plasticity so that under the action of external forces, it can produce plastic deformation without breaking. Among the commonly used metal materials, cast iron is a brittle material with poor plasticity and can not be used for forging. Copper, aluminum and their alloys in steel and non-ferrous metals can be processed under cold or hot pressure.
Not suitable for forgings with more complex shapes. Forging process is formed in a solid state, compared with casting, the flow of metal is limited, generally need to take heating and other process measures to achieve. It is difficult to manufacture parts or blanks with complex shapes, especially with complex internal cavities.
Due to the above characteristics of the forging, the transmission spindle, gear ring, connecting rod, rail wheel and other important parts that bear impact or alternating stress should be processed by forging blanks, so the forging processing is widely used in the automotive industry, construction machinery, mining, agriculture and other machinery manufacturing industries.