Military forging industry research report: Hammer forging quality, national defense construction to help development
Forging definition
Forging is a processing method that produces partial or total plastic deformation of billet or ingot under the action of pressurizing equipment and workers (molds) to obtain parts (or blanks) of certain geometric size and shape and improve their organization and performance. After forging, the metal material has good shape and size stability, uniform organization, reasonable fiber organization, and the best comprehensive mechanical properties. The main bearing structure or sub-bearing structural parts in mechanical equipment are generally made of forgings, and forgings are widely used in various fields of the national economy and national defense industry.The main raw materials of forging are metal bar and ingot. These raw materials inevitably produce defects such as pores, shrinkage holes and dendritic crystals during their smelting, pouring and crystallization, so it is difficult for the casting process to produce parts that can withstand impact or alternating stress environments (such as transmission spindles, gear rings, connecting rods, rail wheels, etc.). However, the structure and properties of metal bar or ingot can be improved effectively after forging. At the same time, due to the plastic deformation and recrystallization of the metal, the coarse grain can be refined and the dense metal structure can be obtained, thus improving the mechanical properties of the forgings.In addition, when designing parts, if the force direction and fiber structure direction of the parts are correctly selected, the impact resistance of the forgings can also be improved. Therefore, the essence of forging is to use the plastic deformation of the metal to change the shape and performance of the metal blank and become a joint forging process, the fundamental purpose is to use the external load (impact load or static load) through the forging equipment or die to produce plastic deformation of the metal blank, so as to obtain the required shape and size of the forging. At the same time, the mechanical properties and internal organization of forging parts meet certain technical requirements.According to the size and shape of the forging, the use of tooling structure and forging equipment, forging can be divided into free forging, die forging, ring rolling.
Forging products are widely used in many manufacturing fields
The upstream of the forging industry is mainly for all kinds of metal materials smelting enterprises, such as carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, high temperature alloy, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, etc. The supply capacity and technical level of upstream raw materials directly affect the development level of the forging industry. The cost of raw materials accounts for a high proportion of the main business cost of forging enterprises, so the fluctuation of raw material prices has a greater impact on product prices.
As the key basic components necessary for the equipment manufacturing industry, the downstream forging products are mainly complete equipment manufacturers in aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding, electric power, petrochemical and other machinery industries, and ultimately applied to the relevant industries of the national economy and national defense industry. The requirements of the downstream industry for forging product accuracy, performance, life, reliability and other technical indicators dominate the technical trend of the forging industry, and the prosperity of the downstream industry directly determines the demand and market capacity of the forging industry. In addition, in the field of high-end equipment manufacturing such as aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding, power, and petrochemical, national policy orientation and national investment scale also have a significant impact on market demand, and the market development prospects of the forging industry are closely related to the development of downstream application industries and national investment.